Introduction Piston rock splitting, also known as hydraulic rock splitting or hydro-splitting, is a method used to break up rock formations without the use of explosives. Drilling and blasting activities have many impacts on the environment, so in order ...

Introduction Trial pits are a sort of subsurface inquiry where a tiny trench or pit is excavated to learn more about the site’s geology and soil conditions. In geotechnical engineering and environmental evaluations, this technique is frequently employed to evaluate ...

    Introduction A naturally occurring resource, coal is made up of organic deposits from long-dead plants that have been buried for millions of years. One of the most prevalent forms of fossil fuels in the world is coal. A ...

  Room and pillar mining is a widely used underground mining method characterized by the extraction of ore in a series of “rooms” while leaving “pillars” of material to support the overhead rock. Tabular, flat dipping ore deposits in competent ...